10 Best Newsletter Management Tools of 2025 (Ranked)

Find the best newsletter management tool for your needs with this ranked list of top platforms, including features, pricing, and tips for every business size.

  • Published
  • Reading time

Bruce is a creative explorer, blending art, entrepreneurship, and technology to create projects that inspire and involve people in surprising ways. A co-founder of Letterhead and Head of Marketing.

Read more from this author:

If you’re managing multiple newsletters, you know the chaos that comes with disconnected tools and inconsistent workflows. Juggling content approvals, ad placements, and performance tracking across different platforms is a recipe for burnout. The good news is that the right technology can solve this. A great platform brings structure and clarity to your entire operation, turning a chaotic process into a streamlined, revenue-generating machine. This isn't just a list of email senders; it's a comprehensive look at the platforms that can truly support a growing media business. Let's find the best newsletter management tool to bring order to your workflow.

Key Takeaways

  • Match the Tool to Your Business Goal: The best platform depends entirely on your primary objective. Choose a tool designed for growth if you need subscribers, one for monetization if you need revenue, or an operating system like Letterhead if you need to streamline a complex team workflow.
  • Prioritize Features That Support Your Entire Workflow: A simple drag-and-drop editor is standard. A great tool saves you time with smart automation, provides actionable analytics that inform strategy, and offers built-in monetization to treat your newsletter like a business.
  • Plan for Your Future Scale to Avoid Surprises: The cheapest plan today can become a costly bottleneck tomorrow. Before committing, review the pricing and features at a higher subscriber count to ensure the platform can support your growth without forcing a difficult migration later.

What Makes a Great Newsletter Tool?

Choosing the right newsletter tool feels like a huge decision, and it is. A great newsletter is more than just an email; it’s a product. That means the best platform isn't just a simple editor and a "send" button. It's an operating system for your entire newsletter business, designed to save you time and help you generate revenue. The right tool should make it easy to plan, build, and deliver your content, but it also needs to grow with you.

At its core, a great tool handles the essentials without friction. But it also needs to provide the newsletter insights and analytics that actually help you grow. Instead of just showing you open rates, it should give you a clear picture of inbox health, subscriber churn, and true engagement, so you know exactly what’s working and where to focus your efforts. Of course, none of this matters if your emails don't reach the inbox. Strong deliverability is the foundation of any successful newsletter program, ensuring your hard work gets seen by your audience.

For publishers and brands, monetization is also non-negotiable. The right platform should have built-in tools that help you run the business side of your newsletter, including effective newsletter ad management. This means you can manage inventory, target specific audience segments, and track performance without needing a separate, clunky system. When you’re comparing options, look for a platform that treats your newsletter like the valuable business asset it is.

The 10 Best Newsletter Management Tools

Choosing the right newsletter tool can feel like a huge decision, and honestly, it is. The platform you pick becomes the foundation of your email strategy, influencing everything from how your newsletters look to how efficiently your team operates. The market is crowded with options, each claiming to be the best. But "best" is subjective—it really depends on your specific goals. Are you a publisher managing a dozen different newsletters? A solo creator focused on explosive growth? Or a small business that needs a simple, all-in-one marketing solution?

To help you cut through the noise, I’ve compiled a list of the top newsletter management tools. I've looked at everything from their core features and user interface to their pricing models and ideal user. This isn't just a list of email service providers; it's a breakdown of platforms designed for different needs. We'll cover tools built for complex team workflows, platforms designed to help you monetize your newsletter, and simple solutions perfect for getting your first newsletter off the ground. Think of this as your guide to finding the perfect partner for your newsletter program. We'll explore what makes each tool stand out so you can make an informed choice that supports your business for the long haul.

Letterhead - For Complete Newsletter Execution

If you're running a business or publication with multiple newsletters, Letterhead is built for you. It’s less of an email sender and more of a complete newsletter operating system. It brings everything—planning, building, delivering, and monetizing—into one place. This is huge for teams that need consistency and control across their entire newsletter portfolio. You can manage design systems, templates, and performance for hundreds of sends without the chaos of disconnected tools. For publishers and brands focused on turning their newsletter program into a scalable, revenue-generating machine, Letterhead provides the structure and workflows that other platforms simply don't.

beehiiv - For Newsletter Growth

beehiiv is designed with one primary goal in mind: growth. It's a favorite among creators who are laser-focused on expanding their audience. The platform makes it incredibly easy to design, send, and track your newsletters, but its standout features are built around acquisition. The built-in referral program is a powerful tool for encouraging subscribers to share your content. Plus, its pricing is often more generous for larger lists compared to competitors. If your main objective is to get more subscribers and you love a clean, modern interface, beehiiv is a fantastic choice for scaling your newsletter.

MailerLite - For User-Friendly Email Marketing

For digital marketers who need a versatile tool that goes beyond the inbox, MailerLite is a strong contender. It’s known for being incredibly user-friendly, with a smooth drag-and-drop editor and a library of professional templates. But its real strength lies in its extra features, like automation workflows, landing pages, and even a full website builder. This makes it a great all-in-one solution for those who want to manage their email marketing and online presence from a single dashboard. If you value simplicity and a robust feature set without a steep learning curve, MailerLite delivers.

ConvertKit - For Content Creators

ConvertKit has carved out a niche by focusing specifically on content creators—think bloggers, course creators, and artists. The entire platform is built to help you sell digital products and services. It makes segmenting your audience based on their purchases and interests straightforward, allowing for highly targeted email campaigns. It also offers simple options for creating paid newsletters, making it easy to monetize your expertise directly. If your business revolves around your personal brand and you're selling digital products, ConvertKit speaks your language.

Mailchimp - For All-in-One Marketing

Mailchimp is one of the most recognizable names in email marketing, and for good reason. It’s a powerhouse platform that offers a full suite of marketing tools, including a robust CRM, detailed automations, and polished templates. For businesses that want one tool to handle all their marketing efforts, Mailchimp is a solid choice. However, its extensive feature set can be overkill if you only need to send a newsletter. It’s best suited for teams that will use its broader marketing capabilities to justify the price tag, which can get steep as your list grows.

Constant Contact - For Small Businesses

Constant Contact has been a trusted name in the industry for years, particularly among small businesses. Its main draws are a straightforward, easy-to-use interface and top-notch customer support. If the thought of getting stuck on a technical issue gives you anxiety, their reliable support team is a huge plus. While it may not have all the advanced bells and whistles of some other platforms, it excels at the fundamentals of email marketing. For small business owners who want a dependable tool that just works, Constant Contact is a safe and effective bet.

Campaign Monitor - For Professional Email Design

If professional, visually stunning emails are a top priority, Campaign Monitor should be on your radar. It’s known for its beautiful templates and an intuitive drag-and-drop builder that gives you a lot of creative control. A key differentiator is its seamless integration of both email and SMS marketing. This is perfect for businesses looking to build a multi-channel communication strategy and reach customers on their phones. For teams that value great design and want to combine their email and SMS campaigns in one place, Campaign Monitor is an excellent option.

AWeber - For Reliable Automation

AWeber is one of the original players in the email marketing space, and its longevity is a testament to its reliability. It’s a solid, dependable tool that covers all the essential bases for businesses, from email automation and list management to a landing page builder. While it might not feel as modern as some of the newer platforms, it has a strong reputation for excellent deliverability—meaning your emails actually land in the inbox. For businesses that prioritize stability and proven performance over flashy features, AWeber remains a trustworthy choice.

GetResponse - For Marketing Automation

GetResponse is a great fit for businesses that need more than just an email tool but aren't ready for a complex, enterprise-level platform. It bundles email marketing with a user-friendly website and landing page builder, complete with a wide array of templates. This makes it easy to create a cohesive online presence quickly. It’s particularly well-suited for businesses with smaller subscriber lists that want to get the most value from a single subscription. If you need a simple website and a solid email marketing tool rolled into one, GetResponse is worth a look.

Substack - For Simple Publishing

Substack has become the go-to platform for writers, journalists, and thinkers who want to launch a newsletter with minimal friction. It’s incredibly simple to get started—you can be up and publishing in minutes. Its main appeal is the built-in functionality for paid subscriptions, which makes monetizing your writing effortless. The trade-off for this simplicity is a lack of customization and a 10% cut of your subscription revenue. It's perfect for individuals who want to focus purely on content and build a direct relationship with their readers through a subscription model.

Key Features to Look for in Your Newsletter Tool

Choosing the right newsletter tool can feel overwhelming, but it really comes down to finding a platform that solves your specific challenges. Are you trying to grow your audience, streamline a chaotic production process, or turn your newsletter into a real revenue stream? The best tool for you is the one that has the features to match your goals. While a solo creator might just need a simple editor and a send button, a publisher managing a dozen newsletters has a completely different set of needs.

For teams juggling multiple publications, features that create consistency and efficiency are non-negotiable. You need a system that helps you plan, produce, and track performance without adding more complexity to your plate. Think of it as your newsletter's central command center. As you evaluate your options, focus on these key areas: flexible design, smart automation, actionable analytics, simple subscriber management, built-in monetization, and seamless integrations. These are the pillars of a great newsletter platform that can support your work as you scale.

Flexible Design and Templates

Your newsletter’s design is a direct reflection of your brand. A great tool gives you the creative freedom to build beautiful, on-brand emails without needing to be a professional designer. Look for a platform with a user-friendly drag-and-drop editor and a library of customizable templates. For businesses that run multiple newsletters, this is especially important. The right platform helps you manage design and templates across all your publications from one place, ensuring every email looks polished and consistent. This saves your team countless hours and keeps your brand identity strong, no matter who hits "send."

Smart Automation and Workflows

The manual work of producing a newsletter—from gathering content to getting approvals—can quickly become a bottleneck. Smart automation and clear workflows are what separate a good tool from a great one. Look for features that help you automate repetitive tasks, set up approval chains, and collaborate with your team in one place. A platform that can accelerate production by centralizing your entire process is a game-changer. It reduces the chance of human error and frees up your team to focus on what they do best: creating amazing content that your audience loves.

Actionable Analytics and Tracking

Open and click rates are just the starting point. To truly understand your audience and grow your newsletter, you need deeper, more actionable analytics. The best tools go beyond basic metrics to show you which topics, formats, and CTAs are actually performing well over time. Look for a platform that provides newsletter insights that help you plan smarter and publish with confidence. When you can see clear patterns in your engagement data, you can stop guessing what your audience wants and start making data-informed decisions that lead to real growth.

Simple Subscriber Management

As your list grows, managing your subscribers becomes more complex. You need a tool that makes it easy to segment your audience, maintain list hygiene, and handle unsubscribes gracefully. For publishers or agencies, the ability to manage multiple newsletters and their distinct audiences is critical. Look for features like folders or labels that let you organize lists by client or publication. This keeps your data clean and ensures the right message always gets to the right people, which is fundamental for building trust and engagement with your readers.

Built-in Monetization Tools

If generating revenue is one of your newsletter's goals, you need a platform with monetization baked into its DNA. Simply having a space to drop an ad image isn't enough. True newsletter ad management software gives you the tools to manage your ad inventory, target specific audience segments, and track campaign performance with clear analytics. These features allow you to sell sponsorships and ad placements more effectively, providing real value to your partners and creating a sustainable revenue stream for your business. Don't treat monetization as an afterthought; choose a tool that treats it as a priority.

Seamless Integrations

Your newsletter platform shouldn't be an island. It needs to connect smoothly with the other tools you use every day, like your content management system (CMS), customer relationship management (CRM) software, and analytics platforms. A tool with robust integrations creates a more efficient workflow and ensures your data flows freely between systems. Some platforms even work with your existing email service provider. For example, Letterhead can add powerful workflow and monetization features while you keep sending through Mailchimp. This flexibility allows you to build the perfect tech stack for your needs without having to start from scratch.

Breaking Down Newsletter Tool Pricing

Choosing a newsletter tool can feel a lot like shopping for a cell phone plan—the pricing structures can be confusing, and it’s easy to get locked into something that isn’t the right fit. The cost isn't just a number; it's a reflection of the features, scale, and support you'll receive. Understanding the different ways these platforms charge for their services is the first step to finding a tool that supports your goals without draining your budget.

Most platforms use a combination of pricing models, so you’ll often see plans that are based on your subscriber count and the features you need. A free plan might get you in the door, but as your newsletter program grows in size and sophistication, you’ll likely need to upgrade. The key is to anticipate your future needs. Don’t just solve for the newsletter you have today; think about the one you want to be running in a year. Will you need advanced automation? Are you planning to sell ads or launch a paid subscription? Answering these questions will help you see past the flashy intro offers and find a pricing model that makes sense for the long haul.

What to Expect from Free Plans

Free plans, often called "freemium," are a great way to test the waters with a new platform. However, they almost always come with strings attached. You can expect limits on how many subscribers you can have or how many emails you can send each month. Most free email marketing services will also include the provider’s branding in the footer of your emails, which can look less professional.

While you’ll get access to basic features like email builders and simple analytics, the more powerful tools are typically reserved for paid users. Things like A/B testing, complex automation sequences, and in-depth reporting are usually behind a paywall. Think of a free plan as a trial run—perfect for getting a feel for the interface, but not a sustainable solution for a business serious about growth.

Paying by Subscriber Count

The most common pricing model you'll encounter is based on your subscriber count. Simply put, the more subscribers you have, the more you pay. A platform might offer a plan for up to 1,000 subscribers for a set price, and once you hit 1,001, you’re automatically bumped into the next, more expensive tier. This model is straightforward, but it’s crucial to look ahead.

Before you commit, check the pricing for lists of 10,000, 50,000, or even 100,000 subscribers. A tool that seems affordable now could become incredibly expensive as your audience grows. Planning for this helps you choose a partner that can scale with you, preventing the future headache of migrating a large list because of surprise costs. Many online guides offer comparisons of different newsletter platforms to help you forecast these expenses.

Paying for Specific Features

Sometimes, the price isn't just about your list size; it's about what you can do with that list. Many platforms gate their most valuable features behind higher-priced tiers. For publishers focused on revenue, this is especially important. Tools for monetization, like the ability to manage ad inventory, target specific audience segments with sponsored content, or access detailed performance analytics, are often considered premium features.

Before you start comparing prices, make a list of your non-negotiable features. If your business model relies on advertising, you’ll want to prioritize platforms with robust newsletter ad management software. This ensures you’re not just paying for a tool that sends emails, but one that actively helps you generate revenue and saves you time.

Revenue Share vs. Flat Fees

A different approach to pricing involves how you make money from your newsletter. Some platforms, like Substack, operate on a revenue-sharing model. It’s free to publish, but they take a percentage (typically around 10%) of any revenue you generate from paid subscriptions. This model lowers the barrier to entry, as you don’t pay anything until you start earning. However, that percentage can add up to a significant amount as your paid subscriber base grows.

On the other end of the spectrum are platforms with flat-fee pricing. You pay a set monthly or annual price, regardless of how much revenue you generate. This offers predictable costs and can be much more cost-effective at scale. The right choice depends entirely on your business model and risk tolerance.

Comparing the Pros and Cons

Choosing a newsletter tool isn't just about features; it's about finding a partner for your business. Each platform has its own philosophy, and what works for a solo creator might not scale for a publishing team. When you’re weighing your options, it helps to break the comparison down into a few key areas. Think about your team’s daily workflow, your performance goals, and the kind of support you’ll need as you grow. This isn’t about finding a perfect tool, but the right tool for your specific needs. Let’s look at the most important factors to consider.

Ease of Use and Interface

A platform’s user experience directly impacts your team's efficiency. A clean, intuitive interface means less time spent on training and more time creating great content. Some tools, like beehiiv, are celebrated for their simplicity, making them a great fit for creators focused on straightforward design and sending. However, when you’re managing multiple newsletters across a team, you need more than just a simple editor. Platforms like Letterhead are designed to bring consistency and control to your entire operation, creating a central hub for planning, production, and monetization that keeps everyone on the same page.

Deliverability and Performance

Your newsletter is useless if it lands in the spam folder. Strong deliverability is the foundation of any successful email program. Beyond just getting your emails delivered, you need clear insights into what’s working. Email marketing has a famously high return on investment, but that only happens when you can track your performance and make smart decisions. Look for a tool that provides actionable analytics. The best platforms help you understand which topics, formats, and audiences are driving engagement, so you can stop guessing and start publishing with confidence.

Key Strengths and Weaknesses

Every newsletter platform has trade-offs. Some, like MailerLite, are excellent for those who need simple automation and a budget-friendly price point, offering a robust free plan to get started. These are fantastic for smaller operations. On the other hand, as your newsletter program becomes more complex, you might find yourself hitting the limits of a simpler tool. A more comprehensive platform can connect different parts of your business, integrating layout, team workflows, and ad revenue into a single system, which is crucial for publishers looking to scale efficiently.

Quality of Customer Support

When you run into an issue, you need to know that help is available and effective. But great customer support is more than just a help desk. The best platforms act as a partner, offering guidance to help you succeed. Before you commit, investigate the kind of support offered. Do they provide personalized advice to help you increase engagement and ROI? Thinking through your email strategy and potential needs ahead of time will help you appreciate the value of a supportive, knowledgeable team that can help you reach your goals.

Which Newsletter Tool Fits Your Business?

Choosing a newsletter platform isn't about finding the single "best" one on the market; it's about finding the one that's best for you. The right tool depends entirely on your goals, your team size, and the complexity of your operation. A solo creator just starting out has vastly different needs than a media company managing a dozen publications. Before you even look at features, ask yourself what you need right now and what you'll need in a year. Are you focused on getting your first 1,000 subscribers, or are you trying to streamline production across a team of writers and editors? The answer will point you toward a specific category of tools. Some platforms are built for simplicity and speed, while others offer deep analytics and team collaboration features. Picking one that's too simple can leave you feeling limited, while choosing one that's too complex can lead to frustration and unused features. To help you find the perfect match, we’ve broken down our top picks based on three common business stages. Whether you're a one-person show, a growing team, or a large-scale enterprise, there’s a platform built to support your work. Let’s find the one that fits your business.

Best for Solo Creators and Small Teams

When you're just starting out or running a small team, your focus is on simplicity, affordability, and growth. You need a tool that’s intuitive and won’t get in your way. Beehiiv is a fantastic choice for creators who want to grow their audience, offering powerful built-in referral programs. If you need more than just a newsletter, MailerLite provides an easy drag-and-drop editor, automation, and even a website builder. For those selling digital products or building a personal brand, ConvertKit is a creator-favorite, designed to help you connect with and sell to your audience directly. All three offer generous free plans to get you started.

Best for Growing Businesses

As your business scales, your needs evolve. You’re likely managing more subscribers, more campaigns, and maybe even multiple newsletters. This is where you need a platform that can handle complexity without causing headaches. Letterhead is built specifically for this stage, helping teams plan and produce multiple newsletters with consistency and control. If your brand is highly visual, Flodesk excels at creating beautiful email designs that stand out, which is perfect for e-commerce. And for online stores that are serious about growth, Klaviyo is a powerhouse that you’re unlikely to outgrow, offering deep analytics and segmentation.

Best for Enterprise Teams

At the enterprise level, it’s all about workflow, governance, and monetization at scale. Your newsletter is a sophisticated operation, and you need a tool that provides control and integrates with your existing tech stack. Letterhead shines here by connecting layout, workflow, and ad revenue in one place, acting as an operating system that can still send through your current ESP. For companies that need a comprehensive marketing suite beyond email, Mailchimp offers a wide range of tools, though it can be overkill for a dedicated newsletter team. And if you need to coordinate your email efforts with SMS marketing, Campaign Monitor provides a unified platform for both channels.

How to Migrate to a New Platform

Switching to a new newsletter platform can feel like a massive undertaking, but it’s one of the most impactful moves you can make for your business. Think of it less as a technical headache and more as a strategic upgrade. A well-planned migration is your chance to clean house, refine your strategy, and take full advantage of new features that can help you grow. By breaking the process down into manageable steps, you can ensure a smooth transition for your team and your subscribers.

Plan Your Migration

The key to a seamless switch is a solid plan. Before you move a single subscriber, map out the entire process. This isn't just about setting a timeline; it's an opportunity to audit and improve your entire newsletter operation. Use this moment to clean your email lists, rethink your automated workflows, and refresh your templates. A well-managed migration can be a catalyst for significant improvements. Your plan should outline who is responsible for each step, what data needs to be moved, and how you’ll warm up your new sending infrastructure to protect your deliverability.

Export and Import Your Data

Getting your data from point A to point B is the core of the migration. Start by exporting everything from your current platform. This includes your subscriber lists with all their segments and tags, your email templates, and any images or assets you use regularly. Most platforms allow you to download subscriber data as a CSV file. When it comes to your content, you can often save templates as HTML files. Once you have everything, you can begin the import process on your new platform. Pay close attention to mapping your data fields correctly to ensure no information is lost in translation.

Keep Subscribers Engaged During the Move

How you communicate the change to your subscribers matters. Don't frame it as a technical backend switch; present it as an exciting upgrade for them. As one expert put it, "Announce it like a level-up." Let your audience know what’s in it for them—maybe it’s a cleaner design, better mobile experience, or easier ways to manage their preferences. Send a brief heads-up before you make the switch, and then a "welcome" email from the new platform. This also helps with the technical side of things, as subscriber engagement is key to warming up your new sending IP and maintaining a strong sender reputation.

Questions to Ask Before Making Your Final Choice

Choosing a newsletter platform can feel like a big commitment, so it’s worth taking a moment to make sure you’re picking a true partner for your business. Before you make your final decision, run through these questions to ensure the tool aligns with your team’s needs, both for today and for the future. Think of this as your final gut check to confirm you’re making a choice that will help you scale smoothly.

Here are the key questions to ask:

  • How intuitive is the platform? Your team will be using this tool every day. A clunky or confusing interface can create friction and slow down your entire production schedule. Ask yourself: can my team build, review, and schedule a newsletter without needing a technical manual? A user-friendly platform means less time troubleshooting and more time creating great content.

  • What will this cost as we grow? Many platforms look affordable at first, but the costs can climb quickly as your subscriber list expands. Look past the introductory offer and map out the pricing tiers. Make sure you understand how the price will change as you hit your growth milestones so there are no surprises down the road.

  • Does it have the features we need to scale? Think about your goals for the next year. Do you want to monetize your newsletters with paid subscriptions or ads? Do you need sophisticated automation to manage multiple publications? Ensure the platform has the advanced features you’ll need to support your ambitions.

  • Are the analytics clear and actionable? To improve your newsletters, you need data that tells a story. Go beyond basic open and click rates. Does the platform offer deep insights into subscriber behavior, content performance, and revenue? The right analytics will help you make smarter decisions.

  • How easy is it to migrate away if we need to? While you hope to find a long-term solution, it’s always wise to have an exit strategy. Check how simple it is to export your subscriber lists and content. A platform that makes it easy to leave shows confidence in its ability to make you want to stay.

Related Articles

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between a basic email tool and a "newsletter operating system"? Think of it this way: a basic email tool is like a word processor. It’s great for writing and sending a single document. A newsletter operating system, on the other hand, is more like a project management suite for your entire publication. It connects all the moving parts—planning, team collaboration, design consistency, performance tracking, and revenue—into one cohesive workflow. This is essential when you're running your newsletter like a business, especially if you manage more than one.

I'm currently using a simple platform. What are the signs that it's time to upgrade? You'll start to feel the friction long before you hit a subscriber limit. The most common signs are process-related. You might find yourself using spreadsheets to track ad sales, struggling to keep branding consistent across different sends, or finding it impossible to get a clear performance overview of all your newsletters in one place. If your workflow feels manual, disconnected, and chaotic, it’s a strong signal that you’ve outgrown your current tool.

You mentioned built-in monetization. Why can't I just manage ads myself in any email editor? You absolutely can manage ads manually, but as you grow, it becomes a huge time sink. A platform with dedicated monetization tools automates the logistics. It helps you manage your ad inventory, target specific subscriber segments for sponsors, and provide clear performance reports without leaving the platform. It turns a clunky, manual process into a professional and scalable revenue stream, saving you time and helping you earn more from your ad placements.

My team manages several different newsletters. What specific features should we look for? When you're juggling multiple publications, your priorities shift to consistency and control. Look for a platform that offers a centralized design system or template management, which ensures every newsletter stays on-brand, no matter who builds it. Features for team collaboration, like clear approval workflows and distinct user permissions, are also crucial for maintaining quality and preventing errors. A unified dashboard that lets you see performance across your entire portfolio is the final piece, giving you the high-level insights needed to make smart strategic decisions.

How important is deliverability, and how can I tell if a platform is good at it? Deliverability is the foundation of everything. If your emails land in spam, all your hard work on content and design is wasted. All reputable platforms take this seriously, but you can look for proof in their features. A good platform will provide tools and guidance for maintaining list hygiene and protecting your sender reputation. More importantly, look for analytics that go beyond open rates to give you a true picture of your inbox health. This shows they are just as invested in your emails getting seen as you are.